The United States competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.

297 competitors, 251 men and 46 women, took part in 139 events in 18 sports.

Head coach: Jimmy Mills [citation needed] Three pentathletes represented the United States in 1956, winning silver in the team event.

The United States had 26 rowers participate in all seven rowing events in 1956.

Offutt Pinion won the bronze medal in the 50 m pistol event.