Waste valorization

[5][6] Academics focus on finding economic value to reduce environmental impact of other industries as well, for example the development of non-timber forest products to encourage conservation.

Valorisation of food waste offers an economical and environmental opportunity, which can reduce the problems of its conventional disposal.

Food wastes have been demonstrated to be valuable bioresources that can be utilised to obtain a number of useful products, including biofertilizers, bioplastics, biofuels, chemicals, and nutraceuticals.

The intended reuse applications for the nutrient content may include: soil conditioner or fertilizer in agriculture or horticultural activities.

[16] In mining operations that remove significant amounts of material even after filling the overburden back in, the resulting land is often below the natural water table.

However, spent fuel is responsible for the vast majority of the radioactivity produced by nuclear power plants.

While over 90% of spent fuel is uranium, the rest (namely fission products, minor actinides and plutonium) has also attracted considerable attention.

High value products contained in spent fuel have both radioactive applications such as Americium-241 for use in smoke detectors, Tritium, Neptunium-237 for use as a precursor to Plutonium-238 or various industrial radionuclides like Krypton-85, Caesium-137 or Strontium-90, as well as nonradioactive applications as some fission products decay quickly to stable or essentially stable nuclides.

[24] However, the need to process the highly reactive metal into the inert perovskite form Strontium titanate reduces the power density to "only" about 0.46 watts per gram.