The regiment is named for the region of Basilicata and part of the Italian Army's infantry arm.

During World War II the regiment was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division "Superga", with which it participated in the Italian invasion of France.

In November 1942 the Superga division was sent to Tunisia, where it fought in the Tunisian Campaign until it surrendered to allied forces on 13 May 1943.

In 1895-96 the regiment provided five officers and 41 enlisted for units deployed to Italian Eritrea for the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

At the time the 91st Infantry Regiment consisted of three battalions, each of which fielded four fusilier companies and one machine gun section.

For holding the line at Monfenera and on Monte Tomba the two regiments of the Brigade "Basilicata" were both awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor.

[2][1][4] In June 1918 during the Second Battle of the Piave River the brigade defend Col Moschin on the Monte Grappa front.

[2][6][7][8] At the outbreak of World War II the regiment consisted of a command, a command company, three fusilier battalions, a support weapons battery equipped with 65/17 infantry support guns, and a mortar company equipped with 81mm Mod.

On 23 November 1941 the Superga began was ordered to reorganize as an auto-transportable division for the planned invasion of Malta scheduled for summer 1942.

For their service in Tunisia both infantry regiments of the Superga division were awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valor.

On 14 March 1977 the President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Leone issued decree 173, which assigned the flag and traditions of the 91st Infantry Regiment "Basilicata" to the battalion.

[2] On 1 October 1997 the battalion was transferred to the Southern Military Region and on 1 January 1999 to the 2nd Defense Forces Command.