In statistics, Bartlett's test, named after Maurice Stevenson Bartlett,[1] is used to test homoscedasticity, that is, if multiple samples are from populations with equal variances.
[2] Some statistical tests, such as the analysis of variance, assume that variances are equal across groups or samples, which can be checked with Bartlett's test.
In a Bartlett test, we construct the null and alternative hypothesis.
For this purpose several test procedures have been devised.
This test procedure is based on the statistic whose sampling distribution is approximately a Chi-Square distribution with (k − 1) degrees of freedom, where k is the number of random samples, which may vary in size and are each drawn from independent normal distributions.
Bartlett's test is sensitive to departures from normality.
That is, if the samples come from non-normal distributions, then Bartlett's test may simply be testing for non-normality.
[3] Bartlett's test is used to test the null hypothesis, H0 that all k population variances are equal against the alternative that at least two are different.
then Bartlett's test statistic is where
is the pooled estimate for the variance.
The test statistic has approximately a
is the upper tail critical value for the
Bartlett's test is a modification of the corresponding likelihood ratio test designed to make the approximation to the
The test statistics may be written in some sources with logarithms of base 10 as:[4]