Belgium competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

101 competitors, 75 men and 26 women, took part in 80 events in 16 sports.

In Belgium's second appearance in the modern archery competition, the nation was represented by two men, including Olympic veteran Robert Cogniaux.

Seven cyclists represented Belgium in 1976.

Four fencers, one man and three women, represented Belgium in 1976.