Josiphos ligands

A Josiphos ligand is a type of chiral diphosphine which has been modified to be substrate-specific; they are widely used for enantioselective synthesis.

[4][5] In the early 1990s, Antonio Togni began studying at the Ciba (now Novartis) Central Research Laboratories[6] previously-known[7] ferrocenyl ligands for a Au(I)-catalyzed aldol reaction.

The team applied Puleo's products in an Ru-catalyzed enamide hydrogenation synthesis; in a dramatic success, the reaction had e.e.

[2] [1] Josiphos ligands also serve in non-enantioselective reactions: a Pd-catalyzed reaction of aryl chlorides and aryl vinyl tosylates with TON of 20,000 or higher,[8] catalytic carbonylation,[9] or Grignard and Negishi couplings[10][11] A variety of Josiphos ligands are commercially available under licence from Solvias.

The substituent on the Cp is written in front of the F and the R on the chiral center after the F.[2] Some reactions that are accomplished using M-Josiphos complexes as catalyst are listed below.