It is the largest regional hospital in Thailand under the responsibility of the ministry and has 1,478 beds.

[1][2] It has a CPIRD Medical Education Center which mainly trains medical students in the MOPH-Mahidol CPIRD Program of Mahidol University,[3] as well as being an affiliated hospital to the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University and Phramongkutklao College of Medicine.

[4][5] Following the setup of sukhaphiban in Nakhon Ratchasima Province under the reign of King Chulalongkorn, two hospitals were built in the local area: Sukhaphiban 1 Hospital was then merged into Sukhaphiban 2 Hospital and renamed 'Suan Mon Hospital'.

On 1 September 1954, operations were transferred to the Ministry of Public Health and renamed 'Nakhon Ratchasima City Hospital', and was categorised as a provincial hospital.

On 5 September 1981, the hospital was renamed by the Ministry of Public Health as 'Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital' in honour of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.