[2] The county is named for Andrew Montour,[3] a prominent Métis interpreter who served with George Washington during the French and Indian War.

It encompasses 132 sq mi, making it the smallest county by land area in the state.

[7] Montour has a humid continental climate (Dfa/Dfb) and average monthly temperatures in Danville range from 26.9 °F in January to 72.3 °F in July.

Montour Ridge also is home to the highest elevation in the county, 1425 feet above sea level.

Rocks from this period are prevalent on Montour Ridge and the adjacent valley and the hills to the northwest of Washingtonville.

They were formed by regional compression and uplift approximately 200 million years ago, during the Permian Period.

The rural areas especially depend on wells for their water supply, but Danville mostly uses the Susquehanna River.

Wells drilled into Silurian rock have a tendency to be highly hard and prone to developing sinkholes.

The United States Office of Management and Budget[17] has designated Montour County as the Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).

The county is run by three locally elected commissioners, each of whose term of office lasts for four years.

Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit #16 provides a wide variety of services to children living in Montour County.

Services for children during the preschool years are provided without cost to their families when the child is determined to meet eligibility requirements.

February 2014[23] CSIU16 School Directory 2014 [26] Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in one case, towns.