[1] In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule.
[2] Induction is the redistribution of electron density through a traditional sigma bonded structure according to the electronegativity of the atoms involved.
When this center is an electron rich carbanion or an alkoxide anion, the presence of the electron-withdrawing substituent has a stabilizing effect.
An example of a repulsive effect is a molecule contorting to minimize the coulombic interactions of atoms that hold like charges.
Most molecules including the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that make up the majority of life have no unpaired electrons even when charged.
For example, a low-spin d8 transition metal complex is usually square planar substitutionally inert with no unpaired electrons.
Any non-linear molecule with a degenerate electronic ground state will undergo a geometrical distortion that removes that degeneracy.
This bonding supplies a basic molecular skeleton that is modified by repulsive forces generally considered steric effects.
Special computational procedure was developed to separate steric and electronic effects of an arbitrary group in the molecule and to reveal their influence on structure and reactivity.