1B3A, 1EQT, 1HRJ, 1RTN, 1RTO, 1U4L, 1U4M, 1U4P, 1U4R, 2L9H, 2VXW, 5CMD, 5DNF, 5COY635220304ENSG00000271503ENSG00000274233ENSMUSG00000035042P13501P30882NM_002985NM_001278736NM_013653NP_001265665NP_002976NP_038681Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene.

[7] CCL5 belongs to the CC subfamily of chemokines, due to its adjacent cysteines near N terminus.

An important protein in the cell cycle, Cyclin D, is inhibited by inactivated GSK-3.

[11] CCL5 was first identified in a search for genes expressed "late" (3–5 days) after T cell activation.

It also induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases which are important for migration of cells into the site of inflammation.

[10] The RANTES protein has been engineered for in vivo production by Lactobacillus bacteria, and this solution is being developed into a possible HIV entry-inhibiting topical microbicide.

CCL5 is involved in transplantations,[12] anti-viral immunity,[8] tumor development [28] and numerous human diseases and disorders, for instance viral hepatitis or COVID-19.

For instance, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) express a viral chemokine receptor analogue US28, which sequesters CCL5.

For instance, it has been shown that CCL5 is highly expressed in mice infected by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

[11] CCL5 plays an important role in various human disorders, such as atherosclerosis, COVID-19, SARS,[11] atopic dermatitis, asthma, glomerulonephritis,[8] alcohol liver disease, acute liver failure and viral hepatitis.