Northwest of Austin, US-183 passes through the suburbs of Cedar Park and Leander, where the 183A toll road runs parallel to it.

In Wilbarger County, US-183 exits the concurrency with US-283 and turns east with US-70 to overlap US-287 between the towns of Vernon and Oklaunion.

The highways stay paired as it turns north to pass through the Comanche County seat, Coldwater.

Entering Kiowa County, US-183 reaches a junction with the overlapped east–west route, US-54 and US-400, where it passes through Greensburg.

US-56 continues northeast toward Larned, and US-183 straightens out to pass through largely unpopulated areas in Edwards County.

US-183 runs through town for three miles (5 km) before crossing Interstate 70, which is heavily traveled in Hays with traffic between Denver and Kansas City.

[3] North of Hays, the highway has been resurfaced and realigned for 23 miles (37 km) to Plainville, one of two towns in Rooks County US-183 serves.

The highway enters Phillips County approximately 12 miles (19 km) north of Stockton.

The highways split in downtown Phillipsburg, and US-183 has one last junction with K-383 before exiting the state south of Alma, Nebraska.

US 183 continues north from Holdrege and intersects Interstate 80 south of Elm Creek shortly after crossing the Platte River.

It continues north from Ansley through Sargent, Taylor, and Rose before meeting U.S. Highway 20 in Bassett.

From 1932 until I-90 was built in the 1960s, US 183's northern terminus was 10 miles (16 km) further west, in Vivian, South Dakota at an intersection with its parent, US 83.