The unit is named for the region of Abruzzo and part of the Italian Army's infantry arm.

During World War II, the regiment was assigned to the 10th Infantry Division "Piave", with which it fought in the Invasion of Yugoslavia.

After the announcement of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943 the division briefly fought against invading German forces.

The battalion was assigned to the Motorized Brigade "Acqui" and inherited the flag and traditions of the 57th Infantry Regiment "Abruzzi".

In 2012, the regiment was disbanded and the 57th Battalion "Abruzzi" was assigned to the Training Units Grouping.

[2][3] On 16 April 1861, the Royal Italian Army formed the Brigade "Abruzzi" in Milan.

In 1895-96, the regiment provided two officers and 94 enlisted for units deployed to Italian Eritrea for the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

At the time the 57th Infantry Regiment consisted of three battalions, each of which fielded four fusilier companies and one machine gun section.

After Italy's entry into the war on 23 May 1915, the Brigade "Abruzzi" was deployed in the Cismon Valley on the Italian front.

In August 1916, the brigade fought in the Battle of Gorizia, during which the 57th Infantry Regiment suffered 2,088 casualties at Oslavia.

On 14 August 1917, the President of France Raymond Poincaré visited the Italian front and the Brigade "Umbria" paraded before him.

On 5 December 1917, the Brigade "Abruzzi" entered the frontline on the Monte Grappa massif.

The rest of the month the brigade fought in the First Battle of Monte Grappa on Col della Berretta.

[2][9][10][11] At the outbreak of World War II, the 57th Infantry Regiment "Piave" consisted of a command, a command company, three fusilier battalions, a support weapons battery equipped with 65/17 infantry support guns, and a mortar company equipped with 81mm Mod.

In early February 1941, the division moved to Sicily, where it was assigned to the XII Army Corps.

On 27 March 1941, the division was sent to the province of Udine on the Italian-Yugoslav border in preparation for the Invasion of Yugoslavia, which commenced on 6 April 1941.

Between 1–10 January 1943, the division returned to Italy, where it was assigned to the Corpo d'Armata Motocorazzato, which was tasked with guarding the Southern approaches to Rome in case of an allied invasion.

The division stayed in Velletri-Sezze-Priverno until August 1943, when the Italian focus shifted to prevent a possible German invasion.

[2][9][10] On 8 September 1943, the Armistice of Cassibile was announced and the division received orders to move to Palombara Sabina, but was ambushed on the way by invading German forces at Ponte del Grillo, north of Monterotondo.

On 1 June of the same year, the battalion was transferred from the Motorized Brigade "Acqui" to the Military Penitentiary Organization Command.