The 78th Infantry Regiment "Lupi di Toscana" (Italian: 78° Reggimento Fanteria "Lupi di Toscana" English: "Wolves of Tuscany" ) is an active unit of the Italian Army based in Florence in Tuscany.

The regiment is named for the region of Tuscany and part of the Italian Army's infantry arm.

The division was moving from occupied France to Rome, when it was informed of the Armistice of Cassibile on 8 September 1943.

In 1860 the Kingdom of Sardinia annexed the United Provinces of Central Italy, which included the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

[4][5] With the Unification of Italy nearly complete the Royal Italian Army began to form new regiments in the annexed territories.

In 1895-96 the regiment provided nine officers and 280 enlisted for units deployed to Italian Eritrea for the First Italo-Ethiopian War.

[2][5] In 1911-12 the regiment provided 23 officers and 1,306 enlisted to augment units fighting in the Italo-Turkish War.

At the time the 78th Infantry Regiment consisted of three battalions, each of which fielded four fusilier companies and one machine gun section.

After Italy's entry into the war on 23 May 1915 the Brigade "Toscana" was deployed to the Italian front: in 1915 the regiment operated against Austro-Hungarian forces in the Giudicarie sector and on Monte Melino.

In August 1916 the regiment fought in the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo on the slopes of Monte Sabotino.

In fall of the same year the brigade was on the Karst plateau, where it fought in October in the Eighth Battle of the Isonzo for control of the summit of Veliki Hribach, and in November in the Ninth Battle of the Isonzo on the slopes of Fajtji hrib.

On 28 December 1916 both regiments of the brigade were awarded a Silver Medal of Military Valor for their conduct during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo on Monte Sabotino.

In June 1918 the brigade was in the Adamello sector and fought on the slopes of the Cornone di Blumone.

[2][6] After the war the two regiments of the brigade were both awarded a Gold Medal of Military Valor for their conduct during the war, and the 78th Infantry Regiment was awarded a second Silver Medal of Military Valor for its conduct on Col d'Echele and Col de Rosso.

[2][10][11][12] At the outbreak of World War II the regiment consisted of a command, a command company, three fusilier battalions, a support weapons battery equipped with 65/17 infantry support guns, and a mortar company equipped with 81mm Mod.

In fall of 1940 the division was sent to Albania, where Italian units were heavily engaged against Greek forces in the Greco-Italian War.

After the German invasion of Greece the division remained in Epirus until October 1941 as occupation force.

[2][10] On 3–9 November 1942 the division participated in Case Anton the Axis invasion of Vichy France.

The battalions were ordered to defend the airfields at Furbara and Cerveteri, where the Italian government hoped the American 82nd Airborne Division would land to support the Royal Italian Army's defense of Rome once the Armistice of Cassibile would be announced.

[2] From 20 August to 5 December 1993 one company of the regiment participated in the United Nations Operation in Somalia II.