Costa Rica competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR.

The Costa Rican contingent comprised 29 competitors in five sports.

Maria del Milagro Paris, a swimmer, was the only woman among Costa Rican competitors.

In its second archery competition at the Olympics, Costa Rica again entered two men.

Men's Individual Competition: July 21, 1980 Costa Rica - Iraq 0-3 (0-1) Republican Stadium, Kyiv July 23, 1980 Yugoslavia - Costa Rica 3-2 (2-1) Dinamo Stadium, Minsk July 25, 1980 Finland - Costa Rica 3-0 (1-0) Republican Stadium, Kyiv Head coach: Antonio Moyano Men's 60 kg (Extra-Lightweight) Men's 65 kg (Half-Lightweight) Men's 71 kg (Lightweight) Mixed 25 metre rapid fire pistol Mixed 50 metre pistol Mixed 50 metre rifle prone Shooting at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Mixed 50 metre rifle three positions Skeet Women's 100m Butterfly