Ethiopia, also known as the Derg, competed at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR.

The nation returned to the Olympic Games after boycotting the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

41 competitors, 39 men and 2 women, took part in 26 events in 3 sports.

[1] Men's 100 metres Men's 200 metres Men's 800 metres Men's 1,500 metres Men's 5,000 metres Men's 10,000 metres Men's Marathon Men's 4x400 metres Relay Men's 3,000 m Steeplechase Men's Long Jump Men's Triple Jump Men's Javelin Throw Men's 20 km Walk Women's 800 metres Women's 1,500 metres Men's Light Flyweight (– 48 kg) Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg) Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg) Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg) Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg) Men's Light-Welterweight (– 63,5 kg) Eight cyclists represented Ethiopia in 1980.