Fashion capital

In addition, fashion capitals have a broad mix of business, artistic, entertainment, cultural, and leisure activities that are internationally recognized for each having a strongly unique identity.

During the Renaissance era, different city-states in what would become modern-day Italy were Europe's main trendsetters,[15] due to the cultural power they exerted in that period.

Similarly, due to the power of Spain during the period, the Spanish court started to influence fashion, making it a major centre.

In the 17th century, as the Renaissance began to fade away, with the power of the French court under Louis XIV, Paris established itself as Europe's main fashion centre.

[25][26] Since then, new fashion hubs have emerged worldwide, and the old order has faced challenges from all corners of the globe, including Africa, South America, and Australasia.

A further elaboration of the data in cooperation with the Institution of Engineering and Technology visualized the impact of geopolitical events on the fashion capitals, including Brexit and the US-China trade war.