[2] The Anza trough is a NW–SE trending Jurassic rift extending from the Indian Ocean coast to the Sudan northwest of Lake Turkana.

At the coastal cities, Mombasa, Lamu and Malindi, the air temperature changes from cool to hot, almost every day.

An extremely arid climate is nearly devoid of rainfall, and temperature varies widely according to the general time of the day/night.

[4][5][6] Elevation is the major factor in temperature levels, with the higher areas, on average, about 11 °C (20 °F) cooler, day or night.

However, locations along the Indian Ocean have more moderate temperatures, as a few degrees cooler in the daytime, such as at Mombasa (see chart below).

Climate change is posing an increasing threat to global socioeconomic development and environmental sustainability.

[10] Developing countries with low adaptive capacity and high vulnerability to the phenomenon are disproportionately affected.

[10] Climate change has led to more frequent extreme weather events like droughts which last longer than usual, irregular and unpredictable rainfall, flooding and increasing temperatures.

The increased temperatures, rainfall variability in arid and semi-arid areas, and strong winds associated with tropical cyclones have combined to create favourable conditions for the breeding and migration of pests.

[10] Hot and dry conditions in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) make droughts or flooding brought on by extreme weather changes even more dangerous.

[12] Kenya's terrain is composed of low plains that rise into central highlands that are, in turn, bisected by the Great Rift Valley.

Natural resources that are found in Kenya include: limestone, soda ash, salt, gemstones, fluorite, zinc, diatomite, oil, titanium, gas, gold, gypsum, wildlife and hydropower.