[1] The fort is located at the Medicean Darsena, or old dock of the port of Livorno, built by the Medici family.

The plans to build the castle started in 1519, and the structure was completed under the rule of Alessandro de' Medici in 1534.

[4] On 24 April 1589, Christine of Lorraine arrived in Livorno from the sea as part of the celebrations of her wedding to Ferdinand I of Tuscany and came ashore landing at Fortezza Vecchia through the use of a drawbridge.

In modern times, boats of the Italian Coast Guard and customs police use a marina located in the main canal between the two forts.

[1] The old fortress sustained extensive damage in World War II but was subsequently repaired following the conflict.

Due to experimental errors, the results, although close to Galileo's prediction, were deemed inconclusive by the academics.

[15] 16.^Silvia Guagliumi, Antonio da San Gallo il Vecchio, ISBN 979-12-210-6439-1, Milano, Giugno 2024.