These working electrodes are used in electrochemical studies when investigating reaction mechanisms related to redox chemistry, among other chemical phenomena.
The disk, like any working electrode, is generally made of a noble metal or glassy carbon, however any conductive material can be used based on specific needs.
This is a contrast to still and unstirred experiments such as cyclic voltammetry where the steady-state current is limited by the diffusion of species in solution.
A reversal would produce a similar i-E curve, which would closely match the forward scan, except for capacitive charging current.
The peak current in a cyclic voltammogram for an RDE is a plateau like region, governed by the Levich equation.