[2][5][6] However, pentoxifylline is also recommended for off-label use as an adjunct to compression bandaging for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) [7] as this has been shown to improve healing rates.

[citation needed] For in vitro fertilization, Pentoxifylline has been used to improve sperm quality and motility[13][14] and as safe oral drug in the treatment of male infertility with erectile dysfunction.

[18] The administration of higher doses of pentoxifylline in hospitalization for complications of distal diabetic neuropathy is usually conditioned by the joint agreement of the neurologist with the physicians of internal medicine (diabetology and angiology).

Uncommon and rare side effects include angina, palpitations, hypersensitivity, itchiness, rash, hives, bleeding, hallucinations, arrhythmias, and aseptic meningitis.

[3] Like other methylated xanthine derivatives, pentoxifylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor[20] which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF[21][22] and leukotriene[23] synthesis, and reduces inflammation and innate immunity.