Opened in 1846, it forms part of the Milan–Venice railway, and is also a junction of two branch lines, to Schio and Treviso, respectively.

The station is equipped with a locomotive depot, and a short distance away there are major repair shops.

As of the December 2023 timetable change,[update] the following services stop at Vicenza:[1] Work on upgrading and enhancement of the entire structure of the station building is currently being completed.

The work is financed by an investment of approximately 2.4 million euros by Centostazioni and RFI.

To achieve a uniform appearance and enhance the main facades, the front and sides of the building have received a veneer of brick and Vicenza yellow stone.