Conjugated microporous polymer

CMPs are also a sub-class of conjugated polymers and possess many of the same properties such as conductivity, mechanical rigidity, and insolubility.

[3] The reaction conditions of Suzuki coupling for the formation of a biphenyl repeat unit for CMPs include the palladium catalyzed cross-coupling of an organo-boron reagent with an organic halide or sulfonate in the presence of some base.

[2] Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl halides and alkynl groups occur with a palladium-copper co-catalyst in the presence of a base.

CMPs are easily formed using this method due to the ease of rotation of alkynes in planar monomers to achieve a 3-D network.

[8] In Yamamoto coupling, carbon-carbon bonds of aryl halogenide compounds are formed via mediation from a transition metal catalyst, most commonly bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), often written as Ni(cod)2.

[10] Most of the approaches currently used to synthesize CMPs must be carried out under anhydrous and oxygen-free environments due to the presence of metal catalysts.

[citation needed] Schiff base is a preferred metal free method due to industrial scale cheap monomers containing multiple aldehyde functional groups.

[12] Cyano cyclotrimerization reactions occur under ionothermal conditions, where CMPs are obtained in molten zinc chloride at high temperatures.

[16] CMPs exhibit a high level of tunability with respect to surface area and pore size.

The increase in surface area can drastically improve their ability to be filled with various organic and inorganic compounds for different applications.

Several efforts have been made to increase solubility by the addition of solubilizing side-chains but this still remains a barrier to broad applications.

Recent work has focused on their potential in terms of catalysis,[18][19][20] for example in the form of 'metal-organic CMPs',[21] and also for light harvesting,[22] and supercapacitors[23] taking advantage of their highly conjugated nature.