The district headquarters at Kaabong, are approximately 177 kilometres (110 mi), by road, northwest of Moroto City, the largest urban centre in the Karamoja sub-region.

The district is part of the Karamoja sub-region, home to an estimated 1.2 million Karimojong.

The climatic/weather conditions of Kaabong District are more diverse with various soil types, vegetation and altitudes.

There are some areas that contain savannah vegetation, but most of the district is semi-arid with thorny shrubs.

[8] Preliminary census results of the 9 May 2024 national census put Kaabong District's population as constituted then (with Karenga District removed), at 216,011 of whom 111,804 (51.8 percent) were female and 104,207 (48.2) were male.