[2] Typical of Greater Polish dialects, word-final consonants voice before a vowel or liquid.
[3] In the imperative of verbs, a change of -aj raising -ej is common, which can also be seen in a few adverbs: tutej, dzisiej, at one point in the superlative prefix naj- (sometimes realized as nej-): nejsterszy (najstarszy).
What was once common, the change of ra-, ja- > re-, je- is now only in the word redło and its derivatives and jirzmo (from earlier jerzmo).
As in some other Greater Polish dialects, sometimes -eł > -oł: krzysołko (krzysełko), zupołnie (zupełnie), kubołek (kubełek), but not in the east.
Final -o in declensions (ego > -ygu, -igu), some pronouns (gó i niegó, tegó), and the adverb dopiero (dopiru // dopieru // dopiyró) often raises.
Initial u- can also less commonly labialize to û-, or alternatively have a prothetic j-: jucho (ucho).
A feature characteristic to Kujawy is the depalatalization of m in some declensions and the forms of the pronoun ja: -ami, -imi, -ymi > -amy, -imy, -ymy, mi > my (dej my), mię > me).
sz, cz, and ż sometimes palatalize to ś, ć, and ź typically before soft l and in a few words.
z-, cz- > ż, c- is generally limited in the number of words where it occurs.
The south has a tendency for szadzenie (c, s, z, dz > cz, sz, ż, dż) as a result of contact with Masurizing Masovia.
Historically hard velars could be seen in verbs formed with the frequentative -ywać: oszukywać (Standard oszukiwać).
ch > k is preserved in a few words, which has led to hypercorrection in a few cases: wziąć za rękie.
Doubled consonants usually undergo dissimilation: lekko – letko, miękko - miy̜ntko, and the group dl, dł usually goes to gl, gł: mgłe (mdłe).
Until recently, the masculine singular dative ending -ewi could still be seen after soft consonants, but is mostly replaced by -owi.
Certain third person pronouns, especially when used possessively, can be extended with je-: jeji matka, nie jejich sprawa.
[3] Due to the raising of aj to ej, the imperative often takes a shape such as śpiwej (śpiewaj).
Standard Polish -awy (denoting a lower intensity, similar to English -ish) is replaced with prze-.