within a single speech production, or the use of "false friends" or of cognate words in senses that have diverged from those of the common etymological root.
[1] An expression that has been used by some native Polish-speakers to denote the mixing of Polish- and English-language elements in oral or written speech is "half na pół" ("half-and-half").
agent Krystyna Skarbek, quotes her as speaking of "lying on the sun" and astutely surmises that this is "possibly a direct translation from the Polish".
A remarkably high proportion of Polish terms actually have precise metaphrastic equivalents in English, traceable to the fact that both these Indo-European languages have been calqued, since the Middle Ages, on the same Latin roots.
A Polonian attempting to speak this kind of Polish-English melange in Poland would have great difficulty making himself understood.