B-cell receptor

The former forms a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein, and is typically located on the outer surface of these lymphocyte cells.

[1] Through biochemical signaling and by physically acquiring antigens from the immune synapses, the BCR controls the activation of the B cell.

[1] B cells' mechanical activity adheres to a pattern of negative and positive feedbacks that regulate the quantity of removed antigen by manipulating the dynamic of BCR–antigen bonds directly.

[1][3] The BCR can be found in a number of identical copies of membrane proteins that are exposed at the cell surface.

[1][7] Heterodimers may exist in the B cells as either an association or combination with another pre B cell-specific proteins or alone, thereby replacing the mIgM molecule.

There are a number of genes that encode each of these regions in the genome and can be joined in various ways to generate a wide range of receptor molecules.

The short JH (joining) and DH (diversity) regions are recombined first in early pro-B cells in a process that is dependent on the enzymes RAG2 and RAG1.

[1][5] However, there is a distinctive structural dissimilarity in the C-terminal area of the heavy chains, as it consists of a hydrophobic stretch that is short, which spreads across the lipid bilayer of the membrane.

[11] The binding event allows phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the associated Igα/Igβ heterodimer subunits by the tyrosine kinases of the Src family, including Blk, Lyn, and Fyn.

The B-cell receptor (BCR) is a transmembrane protein on the surface of a B cell . A B-cell receptor includes both CD79 and the immunoglobulin . The plasma membrane of a B cell is indicated by the green phospholipids . The B- cell receptor extends both outside the cell (above the plasma membrane) and inside the cell (below the membrane).
The general structure of the B cell receptor includes a membrane-bound immunoglobulin molecule and a signal transduction region. Disulfide bridges connect the immunoglobulin isotype and the signal transduction region.
Schematic representation of the B-cell receptor signaling pathways. Aggregation of the BCR quickly activate Src family kinases , including Blk , LYN , and FYN and the SYK and BTK tyrosine kinases . As such, the process catalyzes the formation of a ‘signalosome’ that consists of the aforementioned tyrosine kinases, the BCR and the adaptor proteins , for instance, BLNK and CD19 , as well as signaling molecules, such as PI3K , PLCy2 , and VAV . [ 10 ]